With this feature, if you're a Linux developer, you're automatically a Windows developer as well. Almost like being able to run all Android or iOS apps on Windows phones.[1][2]
If you disassemble lxcore.sys you can still see hints of the Android subsystem project that it grew from: the \Device\adss and /dev/adss devices, the application name Microsoft.Windows.Subsystem.Adss, various function names containing "Adss", and some other textual references to Android.
[1] http://www.pcworld.com/article/3038652/windows/microsoft-kil... [2] https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/bridges/ios
Edit: Now I am puzzled as to why this got downvoted?