Yeah, it's a big flaw in the setup. The instructions I linked have users add it temporarily, to unlock the rest of the options, and remove it afterwards.
The problem isn't that Google knows your phone number but that they will use it (or more precisely the attacker will use it after redirecting your texts) for account recovery which you can prevent by removing the number.
Yes, and Facebook and Dropbox have enabled Yubikey/U2F support in the same way. It's stupid and it gives you a false sense of security (because you're using hardware tokens, which you'd expect to be more secure).
Even though you can remove SMS as a 2FA, it looks like Google still asks for an email and phone for "Account recovery options". Probably should remove that as well?
Yes, you should. They demand phones because normal users who aren't being guided through the setup would be likely to lock themselves out of their account without it, but if you know what you're doing you can eliminate the phone dependency.
Or create an email account. It's impossible to sign up to any web email service to be able to send email not just receive if you don't have a phone.
I needed an untraceable email to send from for reasons I won't go into but couldn't create one.
If you're poor but need a webmail account you need a phone. You can't even put in a fake number since you need to reply to the approval link setup email. Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo, everyone one I tried all require a phone.
They may allow you to do that. If you are on an IP that they deem not trustable enough, like if you are on a dynamic IP or come from the wrong country, they'll refuse to create the account without some phone verification (to hinder spammers)
I don't get it. Asking for civility in a public forum is not a bad thing (HN does it sometimes), and certainly not a factor you should be taking into account when evaluating security devices.
https://techsolidarity.org/resources/security_key_gmail.htm